Jiang, Z., et al. (2017). “Impact of moisture source variation on decadal-scale changes of precipitation in North China from 1951 to 2010.” Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 122(2): 600-613.
讲座标题:Assessing Projected Uncertainties in Spatial Inhomogeneity(空间非均匀性) of Northern Hemisphere Surface Climate Change in Late 21st Century
主讲:Hoffman Cheung 香港人,这是他在挪威的工作
主持:杨崧
看海冰、雪盖对气候模拟的影响
影响全球平均温度的不确定性来源:内部的不确定性、模式分布、温室气体排放浓度预测
海冰调节纬向风的响应而不是控制
f1 = addfile("ghg_hist_1765-2005_c091218.nc","r")
fatts = getfileatts(f1) ;返回文件的全局变量名称,只返回名称
do na=0,dimsizes(fAtts)-1
print ("f@" + fAtts(na) + " = " + f@$fAtts(na)$) ;可查看各全局变量的具体内容
end do
dnames = getfiledimnames(f1) ;返回一维字符数组
dsizes = getfiledimsizes(f1) ;返回一维整型数组,顺序同dnames
print(dSizes+" "+dNames) ;输出查看
vnames = getfilevarnames(f1) ;返回一维字符串数组
vatts = getfilevaratts(f1,vname(0)) ;返回一维字符型数组
vtype = getfilevartypes(f1,vname(0)) ;返回一维字符型数组
vdname = getfilevardimnames(f1,vname(0))
vdsize = getfilevardimsizes(f1,vname(0))
Francis建议我在香港时可以做的研究是:conducting AGCM experiment to test the idea that, for both CP and EP El Nino in the future climate based on CMIP5 simulations, the precipitation response will be stronger no matter whether the future El NInos (irrespective of the the type) is projected to be stronger or weaker (measured in terms of the anomalous SST in the tropical Pacific).
Xu, K., et al. (2017). “CMIP5 Projections of Two Types of El Nino and Their Related Tropical Precipitation in the Twenty-First Century.” Journal of Climate 30(3):
湿空气中的水汽质量与湿空气的总质量之比,单位g/kg或g/g,通常大气中比湿都小于40g/kg。用字母q表示。
式中气压(P)和水汽压(e)须采用相同单位(hPa),比湿q的单位是g/g。
湿空气中的水汽质量与干空气质量之比,单位g/kg或g/g,用字母w表示。一般认为混合比与比湿近似,但依然存在些许差别。
ncl中有专门的函数将Specific humidity和mixing ratio进行转换:
W = 15.2 ; g/kg iounit(0)=1
q = mixhum_convert(W, "w", (/1,1/) ; q = 14.97; return g/kg, iounit(1)=1 比湿
w = mixhum_convert(q, "q", (/1,1/) ; w = 15.2 ; return g/kg, iounit(1)=1 混合比
标准状况下,每立方米湿空气中所含水蒸气的质量,单位g/m^3
Kosaka, Y. and S.-P. Xie (2013). “Recent global-warming hiatus tied to equatorial Pacific surface cooling.” Nature 501(7467)
21世纪,温室气体含量仍在增长,但年平均的全球温度却不在增长,这就是全年变暖裂缝。这在挑战当下盛行的“人类的行为使得全球变暖”的说法。
关于这一现象的解释有两种: